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Methodology Article
Importance of Reliability and Validity in Research
Richard Karnia*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
137-141
Received:
26 September 2024
Accepted:
23 October 2024
Published:
12 November 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.pbs.20241306.11
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Abstract: The goal developing a new research tool is to ensure that the measurement tool has a high level of external validity to be generalizable and have a broader reach and also is highly reliable and able to consistently gather the same result. Researchers need to determine the validity and reliability of each assessment to ensure that they are not misleading their readers and the data can be trusted based on statistical evidence to support their conclusions. Reliability is the ability of consistency of the results over multiple tests. This process can be calculated by determining various measurements such as test-retest reliability, parallel-form reliability, split-half reliability by calculating a correlation coefficient or a t-test. Validity is the extent in which a test will measure what is said to test, which can be established by looking and measuring face validity, content validity, criterion-related validity, and construct validity. Validity can be established by using various experts to determine if a test is clear and relevant using a tool such as content validity index. If statistically reliability and validity is established, the research will increase the impact on the research and generalizability can be established.
Abstract: The goal developing a new research tool is to ensure that the measurement tool has a high level of external validity to be generalizable and have a broader reach and also is highly reliable and able to consistently gather the same result. Researchers need to determine the validity and reliability of each assessment to ensure that they are not misle...
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Research Article
Navigating Negative Social Identity: Virtual Identity as a Coping Strategy for Unemployed Youth
Anastasia Kitiashvili*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
142-153
Received:
14 September 2024
Accepted:
14 October 2024
Published:
20 November 2024
Abstract: This study explored how unemployed young people create virtual social identities as a coping mechanism for their unfavorable social identities. It hypothesized that as young people without jobs have limited opportunities to interact with others, they might use virtual social identities to redefine their identity. The study used survey research with 200 participants and qualitative interviews with 25 respondents. The results indicated that youth unemployment, compounded by social segregation, negatively affects relationships, social identity, and overall well-being. Findings showed that virtual social identities helped youth develop negative outcomes of their offline social identities, although excessive use of virtual platforms could become a potential source of additional stress. Qualitative data analysis identified key themes including social isolation, stress, humiliation, alienation, and dashed hopes. The importance of the virtual environment in the formation of social identity among unemployed youth was also highlighted, which is the novel contribution to the field. The article also discusses recommendations for social interventions for supporting unemployed youth.
Abstract: This study explored how unemployed young people create virtual social identities as a coping mechanism for their unfavorable social identities. It hypothesized that as young people without jobs have limited opportunities to interact with others, they might use virtual social identities to redefine their identity. The study used survey research with...
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Research Article
Gender Difference in Risky Sexual Behavior and Its Determinants Among Ethiopian Youth: Evidence from the 2016 Edhs
Tibeb Tafess,
Tefera Tezera Negera*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
154-168
Received:
13 May 2024
Accepted:
11 June 2024
Published:
23 December 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.pbs.20241306.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Risky sexual behavior is defined as multiple sexual partners in a lifetime plus sex without a condom. Gender and risky sexual behavior have an intriguing relationship. This study conducted aims to identify the gender difference and determinants of risky sexual behavior among youth. With a sample of 7490, males and females aged 15-29 drawn from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). The study was conducted based on socio-demography characteristics, youth individual characteristics, and Knowledge of HIV/AIDS data obtained from the Ethiopian demographic health survey (EDHS) 2016 by extracting male and female data. Univariate was used to display the data using tables compared between males and females. The binary logistic regression model was developed to identify the predictors of risky sexual behavior. Study shows 964 (37%) of males and 739 (15%) of females were engaged in risky sexual behavior. About 22.7% (1703) of the youth were risky at the national level. Bivariate analysis shows that males are 3.38 times more likely to engage in risky sexual practices compared to females (p<=0.001) respectively. In comparison to rural, the likelihood of risky sexual practices among males and females were significantly increase by 48.1% and 41.5% living in urban areas correspondingly (p < 0.01). Females aged 20-24 and 25-29 are more likely to be risky compared to those aged 15-19 (p<0.001). Significant gender differences in risky sexual behavior were observed with a higher risk in male respondents compared to females. The explanatory variables marital status, residence, region, and alcohol intake were a significant variation of males and females' risky sexual behaviors. Specific Strategies and approaches should develop to reduce risky sexual practices and improve reproductive health outcomes.
Abstract: Risky sexual behavior is defined as multiple sexual partners in a lifetime plus sex without a condom. Gender and risky sexual behavior have an intriguing relationship. This study conducted aims to identify the gender difference and determinants of risky sexual behavior among youth. With a sample of 7490, males and females aged 15-29 drawn from the ...
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