Family Characteristics and Quality of Life of Substance Abusing Clients at a Nigerian Rehabilitation Center
Aishatu Yusha’u Armiya’u,
Lubuola Issa Bamidele,
Zuwaira Hassan,
Francis John Davou
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, February 2019
Pages:
1-8
Received:
30 October 2018
Accepted:
12 November 2018
Published:
19 January 2019
Abstract: The study was aimed at assessing the family characteristics and the relationship between family characteristics and objective as well as subjective quality of life among participants using single substance versus multiple substance users. The study is part of a comprehensive cross sectional descriptive study assessing 190 participants who consented to be studied. Each participant completed a family characteristic and subjective quality of life questionnaire along-side a World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF questionnaire. All participants were interviewed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview instrument to make a diagnosis of substance use disorder using ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 20.0. The study found multiple substance users whose fathers had primary school education (p = 0.006) and had died (p = 0.027) had lower quality of life in their social relationship domain on World Health Organization Quality of Life. No statistical significant relationship was found between subjective quality of life and family characteristics of single versus multiple substance users. In conclusion only social relationship domain on World Health Organization Quality of Life was found to have statistically significant relationship in the study. All other domains on World Health Organization Quality of Life were not significantly associated with any family characteristic.
Abstract: The study was aimed at assessing the family characteristics and the relationship between family characteristics and objective as well as subjective quality of life among participants using single substance versus multiple substance users. The study is part of a comprehensive cross sectional descriptive study assessing 190 participants who consented...
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The Compilation of the Adversity Quotient Scale for College Students
Li Bingquan,
Chen Weisheng,
Zhang Xudong,
Zeng Wenxiu
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, February 2019
Pages:
9-14
Received:
27 December 2018
Accepted:
21 January 2019
Published:
13 February 2019
Abstract: Research objective: The purpose of this study is to compile the adversity quotient scale (AQS) for college students and to test its reliability and validity in order to provide a measuring tool for studying of college students. Methods: By means of literature review, open investigation and other methods, the initial project of adversity quotient scale for college students is formed. The test was conducted on 578 students from 4 local universities in Guangdong Province, and the final scale was formed through project analysis, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The adversity quotient scale for college students consists of 43 questions and 6 dimensions. The result of Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the extracted six factor models fit well (x2/df=2.595, NNFI=0.835, RMSEA=0.058, CFI=0.844, RMR=0.07, GFI=0.814, AGFI=0.794), The reliability coefficient of each dimension of the scale is between 0.684~0.917. The correlation validity between the adversity quotient scale and the social adaptability scale (SAS) was 0.291, which was significant at the level of 0.01. Conclusion: the adversity quotient scale has good and high reliability and validity, which is able to be used as an effective tool to measure the inverse quotient of college students.
Abstract: Research objective: The purpose of this study is to compile the adversity quotient scale (AQS) for college students and to test its reliability and validity in order to provide a measuring tool for studying of college students. Methods: By means of literature review, open investigation and other methods, the initial project of adversity quotient sc...
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College Women’s Self-Leadership Stereotypes as a Function of Prime Similarity and Motherhood Information
Susan Anne Basow,
Emily Crawford
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, February 2019
Pages:
15-25
Received:
26 December 2018
Accepted:
22 January 2019
Published:
21 February 2019
Abstract: The goal of the study was to understand under what circumstances exposure to primes of women leaders can influence young women’s implicit and explicit identification with leadership gender stereotypes. Previous research has emphasized the importance of perceived similarity in terms of personality traits; the current study explored whether adding information regarding the role models’ motherhood status facilitated or impaired such models’ inspirational potential. Eighty-seven college women in the U.S. participated in the 2 X 2 design in which fabricated feedback indicated whether participants’ gendered personality traits were similar or dissimilar to six successful women role models, presented either as mothers or with no mention of mother status. As expected, exposure to the successful women leaders produced counterstereotypic implicit self-leader associations only in the similar mother-mentioned condition. That is, only the participants who were told they had similar traits to the women leaders who were mothers associated themselves with the agentic (counterstereotypical) traits of typical leaders. Explicit self-stereotypes were not influenced by either manipulation unless participants accepted the (false) feedback regarding (dis)similarity. Discussion emphasized the importance of perceived similarity as mediating the effectiveness of exposure to successful role models and the value of including information about the motherhood status of such models, at least for young women.
Abstract: The goal of the study was to understand under what circumstances exposure to primes of women leaders can influence young women’s implicit and explicit identification with leadership gender stereotypes. Previous research has emphasized the importance of perceived similarity in terms of personality traits; the current study explored whether adding in...
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Relationship Between Dysfunctional Eating Attitudes and Parental Marital Status in Female Adolescents
Neslim Guvendeger Doksat,
Gamze Korkmaz
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, February 2019
Pages:
26-32
Received:
19 December 2018
Accepted:
20 February 2019
Published:
6 March 2019
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between dysfunctional eating attitudes and anorexic or bulimic symptoms with regard to the marital status of parents and also to investigate the difference in eating attitudes scores by means of body and weight satisfaction in adolescents. 60 adolescent girls attending high school participated in the study. Half of the involved participants consisted of families whose parents lived together, and the other half had divorced parents. The questionnaire data collection method was used in this study. A moderately severe significantly positive relationship was found between eating attitudes and both anorexic and bulimic symptoms scales in participants whose parents lived separately or got divorced. The group of participants whose parents were divorced and who presented higher scores in anorexic symptoms also scored statistically significantly higher on the parameter of eating attitudes median. The participants who were dissatisfied with their weight scored the highest eating attitudes scales median when compared to the participants who had body dissatisfaction. Selective prevention and treatment methods should be used during adolescence to prevent eating disorders. Special attention should be paid to body image disturbances, inappropriate weight control behaviors, and disturbed self-perceived weight during adolescence in order to prevent eating disorders.
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between dysfunctional eating attitudes and anorexic or bulimic symptoms with regard to the marital status of parents and also to investigate the difference in eating attitudes scores by means of body and weight satisfaction in adolescents. 60 adolescent girls attending high school partici...
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