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A Comprehensive Meta-analysis of the Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Guo Huifen,
Ma Yan,
Wang Aizhu,
Xiang Zhu
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
104-111
Received:
23 March 2021
Published:
24 May 2021
Abstract: Background: There are conflicting reports on the prevalence of ASDs in mainland China (China thereafter) and abroad, and no scholars have compared the prevalence in China and abroad. Further studies are needed to clarify the changes in the prevalence rate and compare the prevalence rates at home and abroad. Objective: In order to compare the prevalence of autism at home and abroad, and compare diagnostic tools, diagnostic criteria and other aspects. So far, no scholar has compared the prevalence of autism in China and abroad. Chinese scholars have hardly studied the comprehensive prevalence in China, and the prevalence of autism is conflicting. Methods: I used the Meta-analysis to carry out the research. Firstly, literature was retrieved according to key words and extracted according to screening criteria. Secondly, forest plots and funnel plots were drawn to analyze their significance and heterogeneity. Results: Based on diagnostic criteria the pooled prevalence of ASDs, 73.6 per 10,000 in China (95% CI: 14.22-77.96 per 10,000 I2 = 80.95%), and 98.8 per 10,000 abroad (95% CI: 22.35-127.04 per 10000 per 98.14%, I2 = 98.14%). Subgroup analyses revealed significant difference in the prevalence of ASDs between genders. Moreover, the prevalence of males far exceeds that of females both in China and abroad. Conclusion: There are significant differences in the prevalence of autism at home and abroad, and there are also large differences in diagnostic criteria and diagnostic tools. There are significant differences between developing regions and underdeveloped regions, and there are also differences in the prevalence of autism between different genders, but the differences are not significant. In addition, the number of people suffering from autism may gradually increase in the future, and the number of people who understand autism will become wider and wider, the aging phenomenon of autism will gradually increase, and the causes of autism will become more and more complicated.
Abstract: Background: There are conflicting reports on the prevalence of ASDs in mainland China (China thereafter) and abroad, and no scholars have compared the prevalence in China and abroad. Further studies are needed to clarify the changes in the prevalence rate and compare the prevalence rates at home and abroad. Objective: In order to compare the preval...
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Identity Management Strategies Among Sexual Minority Students in Tsinghua University
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
112-120
Received:
1 March 2021
Published:
24 May 2021
Abstract: In China, coming out can bring bad consequences, so sexual minorities have the option to show or hide their sexual orientation. On campus, there are some kinds of identity management strategies for students from sexual minorities. In order to study when the LGBTQ community in Tsinghua University chose open sexual orientation and the relationship with its reasons in the campus environment, this study uses an in-depth interview method to study the identity management strategies of seven participants. The study sorted out and analyzed the interview records. After analysis, the seven participants adopted a total of three identity management strategies. They are respectively: explicitly coming out strategy, impersonation strategy and implicitly coming out strategy. Two participants adopted explicitly coming out strategy, two adopted implicitly coming out strategy and other three adopted impersonation strategy. For the choice of identity management strategy of the students, the contact with the environment and the assessment of the risks play an important role. Apart from this, with the development of the Internet, there have also been new developments in the identity management strategies of the gender minorities on campus in the Internet social apps. The identity management strategy on the Internet is different from reality. Students' assessment of risk and perception of the environment are different. It may be a brand-new strategy.
Abstract: In China, coming out can bring bad consequences, so sexual minorities have the option to show or hide their sexual orientation. On campus, there are some kinds of identity management strategies for students from sexual minorities. In order to study when the LGBTQ community in Tsinghua University chose open sexual orientation and the relationship wi...
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Difference Between Accessible Social Network and Perceived Social Support in Posttraumatic Growth
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
121-124
Received:
11 April 2021
Published:
4 June 2021
Abstract: Posttraumatic growth is the positive change in people’s thoughts, behaviors, interests among people who were exposed to some serious traumas. Social support has been an important factor for posttraumatic growth, but limited study has looked into the differences between subjectively social support and objectively social support. This paper investigated the relationship between social support (perceived and accessible) and posttraumatic growth. The data were collected from 200 Chinese students through a self-report online survey. The survey includes evaluation of posttraumatic growth, posttraumatic stress disorder, perceived and accessible social support, social network diversity, socioeconomic status, and also trauma history questionnaire. The regression test showed a significant positive correlation between the variables and we further looked into whether there is a difference between perceived social support and accessible social resources. Using the regression test again, we found out that posttraumatic growth is most likely benefit from both perceived SS and objectively accessible social resources. This result suggests that people don’t need to have accessible social support as long as they believe they will receive support when they need it, or people do not need to believe they have social support around them as long as the community is providing different types of support. Either of the movements is possible to help people to develop PTG after trauma.
Abstract: Posttraumatic growth is the positive change in people’s thoughts, behaviors, interests among people who were exposed to some serious traumas. Social support has been an important factor for posttraumatic growth, but limited study has looked into the differences between subjectively social support and objectively social support. This paper investiga...
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